One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Today, thinkers and policymakers envision new roles for human resource management, one of the most important one is "competency-basing" in all functions of human resource management from planning and selection as input processes to the development and maintenance and output processes of human resources. The purpose of this article is to review the “, Competency-Based Human Resource Management”,book by David Dubios et al. The book is reviewed and criticized based on two methods of formalist critique that focuses on form-elements such as structure and writing-and research critique that gives originality to the content, and also based on the criteria of the Iranian Council for Reviewing Books and Text on Human Sciences. Findings showed that the main strengths of the book are having a theoretical and practical perspective, paying attention to the organizational context in the application of competencies and confronting and comparing traditional with competency-based human resource processes. This work also has points for improvement, the most important of which are the lack of up-to-date references despite the reprint of the book, issues unrelated to or less related to the main concept of the book, and the need to explain new methods of human resource management processes in the competency-based approach. In the end, based on the findings, suggestions were made in two headings of form and content.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

Resource estimation and determining the grade distribution is one of the most important stages in planning and designing the open-pit and underground mines. In this work, a new mythology is used for resource estimation of the Angouran underground mine based on the optimized integration of the indicator kriging (IK), simple kriging (SK), and inverse distance weighted (IDW) methods. For this purpose, waste blocks are first removed from the block model using the IK method. Then the amount of mineral resource is estimated using the SK and IDW methods. Indeed, variograms are developed to estimate the grade of zinc minerals in the three used methods. Variograms analysis in three directions prove that the studied resource is anisotropic. Also the validation results confirm that the correlation coefficients between the measured and estimated zinc values by the SK and IDW methods equal to 0.76 and 0.75, respectively. Knowing this satisfactory result, a 3D model of the resource is prepared using the IK method, in which the ore and waste sections of the Angouran underground mine are separated definitely. According to the above methodology, the calculated resource of the Angouran underground mine using the SK method is achieved 1373962.5 tons with an average grade of 30.11%, whereas the estimated amount of this resource is attained 1349325 tons with an average grade of 31.88% using the IDW approach. The verification results show that the suggested methodology based on the optimized integration of the IK, SK, and IDW methods can be successfully applied for resource modeling and grade estimating of the Angouran underground mine.

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between body weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.

The selection of an appropriate estimation method is a crucial decision in resource estimation processes. There are multiple resource estimation methods of which the most important one is block modelling. Among the block modelling methods used for the estimation of gold resources, three methods have a broader application. These methods include Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), and Full Indicator Kriging (FIK). We compared the results of these three techniques and selected the most appropriate method for resource estimation of the Damanghor gold deposit. For this purpose, we prepared the geometric model of the deposit based on geological continuity and then, conducted the variography procedure to determine the grade continuity and the amount of gold resource. The dataset of the Damanghor area included eight diamond drilling boreholes and eight exploratory trenches comprising the grade results of 405 samples. The results show that FIK is the best method for resource evaluation of this case study. The OK method, however, is not suitable for this deposit. The IDW method provides reliable results when the drilling spacing is less than the variography range. This results can be used for the estimation of inferred resources when the geological continuity is appropriately determined.

The purpose of this paper is to present the cost estimation and optimization of space propulsion systems. Thus, choosing optimal propulsion system (from fuel and oxidizer aspect) is done in order to increase the efficiency and decrease the cost. Also, human resource cost and technology development time based on the consideration of labor cost effect on the personals motivation have been optimized. To this end, cost estimation and optimization algorithm has been drawn and suggested. The suggested algorithm has two steps. The first step in the algorithm is concern to cost estimation for seven fuel and oxidizer components. In the second step, labor cost and project implementation time is estimated and optimized based on the optimal space propulsion system derived from the previous step. Here, the objective functions are propulsion system technology development cost and time. On the other hand, the purpose is to consider the salary enhancement and consequently efficiency enhancement, time decrease and cost decrease.

Marginal productivity (MP) estimation is utilized to plan maximum output levels and allocate resources to address fluctuating demand for supply fuel in the power plant sector as well as adjust transferring and dispatching in the transmission and distribution networks. In this paper, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is introduced for estimating the directional marginal productivity of supply chain divisions. The proposed model for estimating the directional marginal productivity in the supply chain tries to find the optimal direction of efficient divisions on the frontier so that marginal profit is maximized. This model measures efficiency by maximizing marginal profit for multiple outputs in predetermined directions based on multiple inputs. The purpose of this study is to develop acceptable techniques for responding to demand fluctuations, especially in the energy and power plant sectors. This is when confronted with efficiency losses from climate change and critical conditions. The results suggested that the oil field division of one of the supply chains had fundamental capacities to respond to peak demand. Furthermore, the power plant division of this supply chain also had a considerable structure for the marginal profit maximization of outputs. Additionally, there were transmitters and distribution lines that obtained marginal profit maximization by adding one extra unit to the line's length in the determined direction.

According to a recent seismic survey in the Oman Sea, hydrate bearing layers were detected through observation of significant bottom simulating reflector, flat spot, and bright spot attributes in the area of 27,000 km2. This paper estimates the minimum water depth required for gas hydrate formation in the Oman Sea. Also, the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is modeled on the basis of the Oman Sea basin properties. This leads to the first estimation of the volume of hydrate-bound gas sequestered in the Oman Sea. Using Milkov and Sassen’s model, the thickness of the GHSZ is calculated. Considering three different gas compositions, the minimum water depth stability calculations suggest that gas hydrate may crystallize as shallow as ~430 m to a water depth of ~872 m and the average thickness of the GHSZ was estimated to be ~217–446 m in the Oman Sea. The estimated volume of hydrate-bound gas is 11–21×1012 m3 at standard temperature and pressure (STP) depending on the source gas composition, which is comparable to initial gas in place of South Pars gas field. Therefore, gas hydrate accumulation in the Oman Sea and free gas beneath could be a future energy source from which natural gas could be recovered profitably in the near future.